Arquitectura de seguridad posunipolar en Asia Occidental: Actores, corredores y reglas
Palabras clave:
Asia Occidental, corredores euroasiáticos, derecho del mar, multipolaridad, seguridad regionalResumen
El estudio analizó qué arquitectura de seguridad regional emergió en Asia Occidental tras el debilitamiento relativo del orden unipolar estadounidense y mediante qué actores, corredores, regímenes jurídicos y mecanismos de mediación se configuró. El objetivo fue interpretar la transición posunipolar en una región atravesada por rivalidades militares, disputas normativas, infraestructura crítica y reordenamientos geoeconómicos. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo, hermenéutico-exploratorio y documental, basado en revisión bibliográfica, análisis de fuentes institucionales y examen de escenarios correspondientes al periodo 2024-2026, con énfasis en sus efectos sistémicos. Los resultados mostraron que no se formó un bloque sustituto de Estados Unidos, sino una arquitectura policéntrica, incompleta y conflictiva, organizada por pactos defensivos, corredores euroasiáticos, regímenes marítimos y mediaciones parciales. Se concluyó que la multipolaridad no eliminó la conflictividad regional, sino que la redistribuyó entre actores con capacidades, intereses y legitimidades desiguales; además, dejó la cuestión palestina como límite normativo persistente para cualquier arreglo regional duradero.
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Derechos de autor 2026 José Wilson Gómez-Cumpa, María Inés Gómez-Bazán, María Margarita Fanning-Balarezo
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